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Emmanuel Mignot (born 1959 in Paris) is a sleep researcher and director of the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, at Stanford University. Dr. Mignot is an authority on sleep research and medicine, and is mostly known for his work on narcolepsy. He is the Craig Reynolds Professor of Sleep Medicine at Stanford Medical School, Stanford University. ==Career== Dr. Emmanuel Mignot completed his Science Doctorate in Molecular Pharmacology at the Université Pierre and Marie Curie and went to medical school at Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, with subspecialisation in Psychiatry. Dr. Mignot is a former student of École Normale Supérieure (Ulm). Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the Stanford Sleep Center, Mignot believed that understanding narcolepsy could lead to breakthrough in new understanding of sleep. He was appointed Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 1993, Professor in 2001 and Director of the Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine in 2011, succeeding William C. Dement. Trained as a pharmacologist, he first deciphered the mode of action of modafinil, amphetamines, and antidepressants on narcolepsy symptoms,〔Nishino S, Mignot E. Pharmacological aspects of human and canine narcolepsy. Prog. Neurobiol, 52: 27-78, 1997.〕 work that was done in close collaboration with Dr. Seiji Nishino. Starting in 1990, he isolated the gene causing canine narcolepsy in doberman and labrador dogs. Ten years later, this led to the discovery that mutations in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 cause canine narcolepsy,〔Lin L, Faraco J, Li R, Kadotani H, Rogers W, Lin X, Qui X, de Jong P, Nishino S, Mignot E. The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene. Cell 98(3):365-76, 1999.〕 and that human narcolepsy was caused an immune mediated destruction of the hypocretin (orexin) producing cells in the brain 〔Nishino S, Ripley B, Overeem S, Lammers GJ, Mignot E. Hypocretin (orexin) transmission is defective in human narcolepsy. Lancet, 355:39-40, 2000.〕 Parallel work performed by Mashashi Yanagisawa, Christopher Stinton and colleagues subsequently showed that hypocretin (orexin) deficient mice also have narcolepsy.〔Chemelli RM, Willie JT, Sinton CM, Elmquist JK, Scammell T, Lee C, Richardson JA, Williams SC, Xiong Y, Kisanuki Y, Fitch TE, Nakazato M, Hammer RE, Saper CB, Yanagisawa M. Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation. Cell, 98: 437-451, 1999.〕 The autoimmune destruction of hypocretin (orexin) neurons in the hypothalamus was later shown by Han and Mignot to be at least partially precipitated by influenza A infections, notably the H1N1 2009 pandemic strain,〔Han F, Lin L, Warby SC, Faraco J, Li J, Dong SX, An P, Zhao L, Wang LH, Li QY, Yan H, Gao ZC, Yuan Y, Strohl KP, Mignot E (2011). Narcolepsy onset is seasonal and increased following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China. Ann Neurol. ;70(3):410-7.〕 complementing findings made in Northern Europe following the H1N1 Pandemrix vaccination campaign.〔Partinen M, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Ilveskoski I, Hublin C, Linna M, Olsén P, Nokelainen P, Alén R, Wallden T, Espo M, Rusanen H, Olme J, Sätilä H, Arikka H, Kaipainen P, Julkunen I, Kirjavainen T. Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33723.〕 Dr. Mignot identified genetic factors predisposing to human narcolepsy, such as human leukocyte antigen HLA DQB1 *06:02 and other genes〔Sehgal A, Mignot E. Genetics of sleep and sleep disorders. Cell. 2011 Jul 22;146(2):194-207.〕 and isolated the gene causing the methylopathy Autosomal Dominant Cerebelar Ataxia, Deafness and Narcolepsy (ADCA-DN), DNMT1.〔Winkelmann J, Lin L, Schormair B, Kornum BR, Faraco J, Plazzi G, Melberg A, Cornelio F, Urban AE, Pizza F, Poli F, Grubert F, Wieland T, Graf E, Hallmayer J, Strom TM, Mignot E. Mutations in DNMT1 cause autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy. Hum Mol Genet. 2012 May 15;21(10):2205-10.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emmanuel Mignot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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